Sentence structure and transformation
Subject 1: Comparisons
I. Sentence structure:
1. Equal comparison
S + Verb + as + Adjective/ Adverb + as Noun / Pronoun
My book is as interesting as yours.
His car runs as fast as a race car.
S + Verb ( in negative) + as/ so + Adjective/ Adverb +as + S + Verb / Aux
John does not sing so well as his sister does.
2. Comparative with other verbs: `3. Comparative form.

Adjective + er


S + Verb
Adverb + er
+ than Noun / Pronoun


more + Adjective/ Adverb



less + Adjective/ Adverb


a) Like + N
She is like my mother.
b) ( not )the same as + N
I will not do the same as you.
c) different from + N
We are different from you.
`3. Comparative form.

Eg: John’s grade is higher than his sister’s.
S + Verb
Adjective + er and Adjective +er

S + Verb
Adverb + er and Adverb + er

 He speaks Spanish more fluently than I do.
Double comparison
- Short adjectives/ adverbs:

- Long adjectives/ adverbs
S + be
more and more + Adjective

S + be
more and more + Adverb




Short and long adjectives/ adverbs
The more Adj / Adv + S + Verb
The more Adj / Adv + S + Verb

The Adj/ Adv + er + S + Verb
The Adj/ Adv + er + S + Verb







Adjective / Adverb+ est
in + singular count noun

S + Verb the
most + Adjective/ Adverb
of + plural count noun


least + Adjective/ Adverb


4. Superlative






Eg: John is the tallest boy in the family.
That child behaves the most carelessly of all.
Note:
* The same idea can also be converted in another way.
S + Verb + the same + ( noun) + as + Noun / Pronoun
Eg: my house is the same height as his.
* The opposite of the same as is deferent from.
My nationality is deferent from hers.
* Special patterns with the comparative
Twice as.............. as , three times as ............ as , etc.
II Sentence Transformation
Exercise1: Write the following sentences but keep their meanings
Her watch is as expensive as mine.
My watch ...............................................
He plays the guitar as well as Henry.
Henry plays ............................................
3. Martha is more talented than Bill.
Bill is ................................................
4.Nobody in our class is more intelligent than Jane is.
Jane is ................................................
5.No animal is as big as a whale is .
A whale is .............................................
6. Laura reads more quickly than her brother does.
Her brother .............................................
Jack is the tallest student in this class.
No ......................................................
His assignment is different from mine.
My assignment
He knows a lot more about it than I do.
I don’t know
10. Jane is a better swimmer than Mary.
Jane ...................................................
She is a far more careful driver than I am.
She drives .............................................
She is a slower and more careful driver than I am.
She drives ..............................................
Joe dances more gracefully than his partner.
Joe’s partner ...........................................
When he is old , he doesn’t like to travel.
The older ...............................................
Is this the cheapest pet food you have got?
Have you ..............................................?
Exercise2 : Write the following sentences . Use the double comparative form of the adjectives or adverbs in parentheses.
The teacher is asking(difficult )questions.
My brother is getting( strong).
Architects are building (tall) houses.
Cars are running (fast).
Houses are getting (convenient).
The chef is making progress in the kitchen. He prepares(good) dinner.
The weather is getting (wet) this week.
His wife eats too much . She is getting (fat).
The teacher has lots of work. She gets (busy) every day.
Her son’s behaviors is getting (bad.


Exercise3 : Write the following sentences . Use the double comparative clause.
He work little, he will be paid little.
He drank a lot, He was thirsty.
He talk much. I became bored.
I waited long. I get angry.
You are old, You understand more.
She grove fast, I became nervous.
We ran fast to reach the house. The sky grew dark.
The air is polluted. Diseases are great.
I go far. I fell homeless.
I know him. I hate him.
The weather is warm.