LANGUAGE FOCUS
REPORTED SPEECH
* Khi đtừ tường thuật ở QK:
- Lùi thì V:
+ am, is , are → was, were
+ V /s → V2/ Ved
+ will → would
+ have / has → had
+ must → had to
+ Câu ĐK loại 1 → câu ĐK loại 2
- Không lùi thì : used to , had better, would rather, should, mustn’t, needn’t, would like, could, câu ĐK loại 2 & 3, câu điều ước
- Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
Now → then ; today → that day; yesterday → the day before ; tomorrow → the next day; ago → before; last → before; here → there; this → that ; these → those

* Cách đổi từ câu nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp :
1. Câu phát biểu : “ S + V…..”
→ S + said (that) + S + V ……
told + O ( lùi thì)
2. Câu mệnh lệnh :
a. V …..!
b. Don’t + V ……..!

→ S + told
asked
ordered + O + to V….. ( a)
advised not to V….. ( b)
begged
warned…
3. Câu hỏi :
a. Yes – No : “ V + S ….. ?”

→ S + asked + O
wondered + if / whether + S + V…
wanted to know

b. Wh- questions : “ Wh – question + V + S…..?”

→ S + asked + O
wondered + Wh- question + S + V….
wanted to know

* Một số cấu trúc khác:
a. Đề nghị, lời mời: “ Would you like…?” ; “How about + Ving…?”
Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?”
( He invited me to go out for a drink.

b. Yêu cầu:
Ex: She said, “Can you lend me your book?”
( She asked me to lend her my book.
c. Khuyên bảo: “ If I were you, I’d…..” ; “ Why don’t you….?”; should; had better
Ex: “You should/ had better study harder,” my mother said.
( My mother advised me to study harder.
d. Hứa hẹn:
Ex: “I will give you my book,” he said.
( He promised to give me his book.
e. Cảm ơn, xin lỗi:
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
( Tom thanked me for helping him.
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said.
( Peter apologised for being late.
f. Chúc mừng:
Ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!”
( John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
g. Cương quyết, khăng khăng:
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
( Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
h. Cảnh báo, ngăn cản:
Ex1: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda.
( I warned Linda against going out alone at night.
Ex2: “Sit here. I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me.
( Mary prevented me from standing all the time.
i. Chấp nhận hoặc phủ nhận:
Ex1: “We stole his money,” they said.
( They admitted stealing his money.
Ex2: “I didn’t steal his money,” she said.
( She denied stealing his money.
j. Đề nghị:
Ex: “Let’s go out for a drink,” Susan said.
( Susan suggested going out for a drink.
k. Tố cáo, buộc tội:
Ex: “You took some of my money,” he said.
( He accused me of taking some of his money.
l. Mơ ước:
Ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said.
( John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.