SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION.

THE INFINITIVE:

1.


( thật là . . . để làm . . .)
Ex:
To learn English is difficult.
It is . . .
Doing this exercise is easy.
It is . . .


2.


Ex: ( mất . . . thời gian để làm . . .)
She walks to school in fifteen minutes.
It takes . . .
He wrote this letter in thirty minutes.
It took . . .
Mary spent many hours learning the lessons.
It took . . .

3.



( Quá . . . cho đến nỗi không thể . . . )
Ex:
a. She was so sick that she couldn’t go to work. ( 2 chủ ngữ giống nhau )
She was too . . .
b. This soup is too hot for me to eat.
-> This soup is so . . . ( 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau )


4.


Ex:
He is too young to understand this problem.
-> He isn’t . . .
b. The house is too small for six of us to live in.
The house isn’t . . .




5.



Ex:
The bridge was so low that the lorry couldn’t go under it.
-> It was such . . .
He is such a poor boy that he had to work at an early age.
-> The boy was so . . .


6.

Ex:
It was wonderful to see our friends again.
Seeing . . .
To be watched made me nervous.
Being . . .
It is dangerous to ride a motorbike than to drive a car.
Riding . . .
II. BECAUSE + CLAUSE BECAUSE OF + PHRASE ( bởi vì)

1.




Ex:
He always get bad marks because he is lazy.
Because of . . .
My friend was absent because of her sickness.
My friend was absent because . . .



2.



Ex:
Because the weather was wet, the football match was put off.
Because of . . .
We were late for school because of the heavy traffic.
Because . . .





3.



Ex: a. Because he drove carelessly, he had an accident.
Because of . . .
b. Because of going out in the rain yesterday, she caught cold.
Because . . .

III. ALTHOUGH + CLAUSE IN SPITE OF + PHRASE: ( mặc dù)
-Although = Though
-In spite of = Despite
Cách biến đổi từ Clause -> Phrase tương tự như phần II ( Because ).
Ex:
a. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
In spite of . . .
b. Although he was ill, he went to school.
Despite . . .
c. Although they tried all their best, they lost the game.
In spite of . . .

IV. SO THAT + CLAUSE IN ORDER TO + Vo : ( để)

-So that = In order that
-In order (not ) to + Vo = So as (not ) to + Vo = (not) to + Vo
-In order (not) for O + to Vo = So as (not) for O + to Vo

Khi chủ ngữ thứ nhất cũng là người làm chủ hành động ở mệnh đề sau “ So that”:
khẳng định:
Ex:
- I shouted so that I could warn everyone of danger.
I shouted in order to . . .
- Tom is saving up. He wants to buy a new bicycle.
Tom is saving up in order to . . .
Tom is saving up in order that . . .

b.Phủ định:
Ex:
- She put on the warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold.
She put on the warm clothes in order not . . .
+ He locked the door. She didn’t want to be disturbed.
He locked the door in order not . . .
He locked the door in order that . . .





2.Khi chủ ngữ thứ nhất không phải là người thực hiện hành động ở mệnh đề“So that”:
Khẳng định:
Ex:
+The man spoke loudly so that everybody could hear